cholic acid การใช้

• Cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid are the most important human bile acids.
• These are manufactured from cholic acid derived from bovine bile.
• It is a conjugate of cholic acid with taurine.
• Chenodeoxycholic acid and cholic acid are the two primary bile acids in humans.
• Cholic acid is converted into deoxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid into lithocholic acid.
• It is a conjugate of cholic acid with glycine.
• The two primary bile acids secreted by the liver are cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid.
• Primates ( including humans ) utilize 12? for their third hydroxyl group position, producing cholic acid.
• Bacteria metabolize chenodeoxycholic acid into the secondary bile acid lithocholic acid, and they metabolize cholic acid into deoxycholic acid.
• "' Dehydrocholic acid "'is a synthetic bile acid, manufactured by the oxidation of cholic acid.
• Deoxycholic acid is formed from cholic acid by 7-dehydroxylation, resulting in 2 hydroxyl groups ( 3? and 12? ).
• The three major bile acids in germ-free mice are cholic acid, ?-muricholic, and ?-muricholic acids.
• Taurine is moiety is negatively charged in the pH ranges normally found in the intestinal tract, thus it improves the surfactant properties of the cholic acid conjugate.
• The balance between these two steroids determines the relative amounts of the two primary bile acids, cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid, both of which are secreted in the bile.
• SeHCAT has been shown to be absorbed from the gut and excreted into the bile at the same rate as cholic acid, one of the major natural bile acids in humans.
• Aramchol, a conjugate of Cholic acid and Arachidic acid, is a first in class member of a novel family of synthetic Fatty-Acid / Bile-Acid Conjugates ( FABACs ).
• Cholic acid, 3?, 7?, 12?-trihydroxy-5?-cholan-24-oic acid, the most abundant bile acid in humans and many other species, was discovered before chenodeoxycholic acid.
• In obese people, the relative proportion of Firmicutes ( Gram-positive bacteria ) in gut microbiota is increased resulting in greater conversion of the non-genotoxic primary bile acid, cholic acid, to carcinogenic deoxycholate.
• In humans, taurocholic acid and glycocholic acid ( derivatives of cholic acid ) and taurochenodeoxycholic acid and glycochenodeoxycholic acid ( derivatives of chenodeoxycholic acid ) are the major bile salts in bile and are roughly equal in concentration.
• As this had already been described, the discovery of chenodeoxcholic acid ( with 2 hydroxyl groups ) made this new bile acid a " deoxycholic acid " in that it had one fewer hydroxyl group than cholic acid.